Happy Earth Science Week from the EarthByters! This is our annual chance to celebrate the science of the planet we all live on, and to share how much there is still to discover about it. The ground under your feet is moving. Right now, at about the speed your fingernails grow, and it has been … Read more…
Researchers used an open-source landscape and stratigraphic evolution model (goSPL) to simulate how sediment filled the Polish Trough, part of the Southern Permian Basin, between 285 and 256 million years ago. By testing six different tectonic and climate scenarios, they identified two models that best match known sediment volumes, hiatus timing and depositional depth, and … Read more…
Researchers collected new apatite fission-track and (U-Th)/He data across more than 5000 km of the East Antarctic margin to reconstruct its rifting history. The results show that an earlier, failed rifting episode in the Permo-Triassic period cooled and shaped the crust more strongly than the later Jurassic-Cretaceous breakup of Gondwana itself. This multi-phase rifting appears … Read more…
Modern reef-building corals only thrive within a narrow sea surface temperature range of about 22–30°C. The authors use this preference as an independent check on past climate models, running an ensemble of simulations from 250 million years ago to today across a range of CO2 levels and paleogeographies. Their coral-constrained temperature curve closely matches earlier … Read more…
This paper outlines the experimental design for Phase 2 of DeepMIP-Eocene, a project that coordinates climate model simulations of the early Eocene, a period around 56–41 million years ago when global temperatures were far higher than today and carbon dioxide levels were much greater. The design updates the paleogeography, vegetation and carbon dioxide inputs used … Read more…
The position of continents and oceans in geological time dictates the biogeographic dispersal of life, influences the preservation of mineral resources, and informs our understanding of Earth’s climate trajectory. Reconstructing past crustal locations requires a plate tectonic model that differs depending on whether the model uses a mantle reference frame, or a paleomagnetic reference frame, … Read more…
The Phanerozoic climate has been interrupted by two long “icehouse” intervals, including the current icehouse of the last ~34 million years. While these cool intervals correspond to lower atmospheric CO2, it is unclear why CO2 levels fell, with hypotheses suggesting changes in CO2 degassing rates or modification of silicate weathering through changing continental lithology or paleogeography. Here, … Read more…
rgplates has joined the GPlates family! rgplates allows the integration of tectonic calculations into the R software environment for statistical computing and graphics. Paleogeographic reconstructions in GPlates can be directly connected to a vast number of statistical libraries available in R, which is also the primary scripting language of the paleobiology community. The figure below … Read more…
Mountains and mountain ranges, often situated at convergent plate margins, play a pivotal role in many fields of the Earth, climate, and biological sciences. Reconstructing past episodes of mountain building from the geological rock record is one of the main challenges for unravelling the ancient physical geography of Earth’s surface. Established methods for quantifying past … Read more…
Low‐temperature thermochronology is a powerful tool for constraining the thermal evolution of rocks and minerals in relation to a breadth of tectonic, geodynamic, landscape evolution, and natural resource formation processes through deep time. However, complexities inherent to these analytical techniques can make interpreting the significance of results challenging, requiring them to be placed in their … Read more…
Modern ocean biodiversity, which is at its highest level ever, was achieved through long-term stability of the location of so-called biodiversity hotspots, regions of especially high numbers of species, scientists have found. The findings, published in Nature, were reached through a pioneering model that reconstructs the diversity of marine animals from their origin – some … Read more…
The fossil record of marine invertebrates has long fuelled the debate as to whether or not there are limits to global diversity in the sea. Ecological theory states that, as diversity grows and ecological niches are filled, the strengthening of biological interactions imposes limits on diversity. However, the extent to which biological interactions have constrained … Read more…
We have developed a novel data-driven approach to reconstruct precipitation patterns through geological time, since the supercontinent Pangea was in existence. Our approach involves linking climate-sensitive sedimentary deposits such as coal, evaporites and glacial deposits to a global plate model, reconstructed paleo-elevation maps and high-resolution General Circulation Models via Bayesian machine learning. We model the … Read more…